Pranayam is made by two words - 'Pran' and 'Ayam'. 'Pran' means life or age and 'Ayam' means length. So pranayam simply indicates long life. The yogic practice that increases the span of life is called the yogic pranayam. According to maharishi patanjali, "pranayam is the ability to control the pran".
Pran is the power of consciousness which is present in the entire universe, including the human body. Pran controls the brain and senses. According to Ayurveda, pran is different from air. It is the pran that carries the air into body through the "punch pran" as follows.
Pran: Pran leads the air from mouth to nostrils up to the heart. It causes breathing.
Saman: It leads the air from heart to navel and performs the subtle activities.
Apan: It leads the air from navel to the feet and performs the function of urination and excretion.
Udan: It leads the air from throat to head and keeps it in an upright position.
Vyan: It is present in an entire body.
Pran performs its functions in a sequence as follows:
Rechak: to expel breath
Poorak: to breath in
Kumbhak: to hold the breath
Antric kumbhak: to breath in and stop
Bahay kumbhak: to breath out and stop
Kaivalya kumbhak: just to stop breath (whatever it is)
Yogic Pranayam: the continuous practice of pranayam by yogis is called as yogic pranayam.
Preparation before doing Yogic Pranayam:
Yogic "shat kriya"
Observance of celibacy
Perfection in yogic pranayam
Regularity
Concentration of mind
The ratio of poorak, kumbhak and rechak should be of 1:4:2 and for the beginners it should be 1:2:2.
Pranayam should accompany with all three 'bandh' wherever applicable.
Poorak and rechak should be accompanied with mool bandh and uddiyan bandh.
Kumbhak should be accompanied with mool bandh and jalandhar bhand.
Dhyan and mantra with pranayam
Poorak should be done twice of rechak
Pranayam can be done in evening, morning and afternoon, thrice a day.
If one does not have proper knowledge of doing yogic pranayam, then he/she must do this under expert guidance.
Method of doing Yogic Pranayam:
Sit in padmasan. Exhale as much as possible. This is known as rechak.
Now pull the genital and prevent the air from going in. Hold this position up to threshold. This is called, "bahya Kumbhak".
Now gradually inhale while repeating 'gaytri mantra' or om. This is called poorak.
When the lungs are full of air, hold the air as long as possible. This is known as "antar kumbhak."
When you feel uneasy, gradually release the air so that most of the air comes out of the lungs.
Benefits of Pranayam:
It clears the airway and prevent from respiratory ailments.
It purifies the blood and removes the toxins out from the body.
It gives relief in the vata, pitt and kapha ailments.
It reduces hypertension by normalizing blood pressure.
It refreshes the body.
Precautions:
Pranayam should not be performed in the dirty environment.
It should not be performed in strong wind.
It shouldn't be done on the bed while covering the face.
It shouldn't be done two hours before and after the meal.
Although it can be done anytime, the time before sunrise is quite beneficial.
Pregnant women and physically weak people shouldn't do this.
While doing the poorak, the stomach should be held out while doing rechak it should be pulled inside.
Pran is the power of consciousness which is present in the entire universe, including the human body. Pran controls the brain and senses. According to Ayurveda, pran is different from air. It is the pran that carries the air into body through the "punch pran" as follows.
Pran: Pran leads the air from mouth to nostrils up to the heart. It causes breathing.
Saman: It leads the air from heart to navel and performs the subtle activities.
Apan: It leads the air from navel to the feet and performs the function of urination and excretion.
Udan: It leads the air from throat to head and keeps it in an upright position.
Vyan: It is present in an entire body.
Pran performs its functions in a sequence as follows:
Rechak: to expel breath
Poorak: to breath in
Kumbhak: to hold the breath
Antric kumbhak: to breath in and stop
Bahay kumbhak: to breath out and stop
Kaivalya kumbhak: just to stop breath (whatever it is)
Yogic Pranayam: the continuous practice of pranayam by yogis is called as yogic pranayam.
Preparation before doing Yogic Pranayam:
Yogic "shat kriya"
Observance of celibacy
Perfection in yogic pranayam
Regularity
Concentration of mind
The ratio of poorak, kumbhak and rechak should be of 1:4:2 and for the beginners it should be 1:2:2.
Pranayam should accompany with all three 'bandh' wherever applicable.
Poorak and rechak should be accompanied with mool bandh and uddiyan bandh.
Kumbhak should be accompanied with mool bandh and jalandhar bhand.
Dhyan and mantra with pranayam
Poorak should be done twice of rechak
Pranayam can be done in evening, morning and afternoon, thrice a day.
If one does not have proper knowledge of doing yogic pranayam, then he/she must do this under expert guidance.
Method of doing Yogic Pranayam:
Sit in padmasan. Exhale as much as possible. This is known as rechak.
Now pull the genital and prevent the air from going in. Hold this position up to threshold. This is called, "bahya Kumbhak".
Now gradually inhale while repeating 'gaytri mantra' or om. This is called poorak.
When the lungs are full of air, hold the air as long as possible. This is known as "antar kumbhak."
When you feel uneasy, gradually release the air so that most of the air comes out of the lungs.
Benefits of Pranayam:
It clears the airway and prevent from respiratory ailments.
It purifies the blood and removes the toxins out from the body.
It gives relief in the vata, pitt and kapha ailments.
It reduces hypertension by normalizing blood pressure.
It refreshes the body.
Precautions:
Pranayam should not be performed in the dirty environment.
It should not be performed in strong wind.
It shouldn't be done on the bed while covering the face.
It shouldn't be done two hours before and after the meal.
Although it can be done anytime, the time before sunrise is quite beneficial.
Pregnant women and physically weak people shouldn't do this.
While doing the poorak, the stomach should be held out while doing rechak it should be pulled inside.
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